Revista de Pensamiento Crítico Aymara

Opening cracks in the journey through diverse and plural Peru

2025-12-03T12:34:09-03:00

Muchas voces sufren y son desacreditadas cuando abrimos fisuras para expresar esas voces y acciones de esperanza en poblaciones con una tradición andina amazónica, vienen respondiendo en este contexto de la sociedad compleja, con respuestas complejas (Bourdieu, 1999). En ese marco consideramos que la educación es la única arma para salir de esta situación compleja y adversa, como nos dice Foucault, el saber es el único espacio de libertad, pero una educación con libertad, porque, todo sistema de educación es una forma política de mantener o de modificar la adecuación de los discursos, con los saberes y los poderes que implican (Foucault, 2023). En este sentido, la Revista Pensamiento Crítico Aymara, sigue siendo un espacio de libertad de pensamiento, que abre fisuras los autores con los diferentes artículos, que en suman reafirman un Perú diverso y plural.

La Indigenous higher education in Latin America and the Caribbean: «Tupak Katari» Aymara Intercultural Productive Community Based Indigenous Bolivian University

2025-12-03T12:34:09-03:00

This study aimed to analyze the perceptions of students at the Bolivian Indigenous Community Intercultural Productive Aymara University «Tupak Katari» to identify their needs and challenges in academic and cultural training, using a descriptive qualitative methodology based on observation and interpretation of data collected through interviews. Students emphasize the need for quality education with adequate resources, an updated curriculum, equal opportunities, recognition of cultural diversity, and integration of ancestral knowledge. They also request a better balance between theory and practice, curricular diversification, and improvements in infrastructure, resources, and teaching support, especially in the development of theses. They also value principles such as solidarity, respect, and personal effort in their development. In conclusion, student perceptions underscore the importance of addressing these demands to strengthen an environment conducive to learning and comprehensive development, promoting academic growth and excellence.

SYMBOLOGY OF RETRIBUTION TO THE PACHAMAMA IN THE AYMARA COMMUNITIES OF THE PROVINCE OF CHUCUITO JULI

2025-12-03T12:34:09-03:00

This article explores the symbology that is presented during the Pachamama retribution ceremonies in the Aimara communities of Chucuito Juli, taking into account that these retributions are not only carried out here in Peru, but in all countries that share territories with peoples. natives. The objective is to explain the meaning that this practice has, it is also to describe the process through which it goes, interpret the meaning and know the types of remuneration to the Pachamama, this despite the historical colonial discrimination, also influenced by globalization, by the logics of consumption and homogenization. For this reason, the methodology used is ethnographic and hermeneutical in nature, a participant-observation technique, interviewing elders and people from the different Aymara communities in said district who perform this rite. As a result of the study, we obtain that the payments to the Pachamama have different meanings, the process that it takes to carry out this rite, the different interpretations, also the existence of the different types of remuneration and how they have been changing, evolving and adapting to the reality of Today, at the same time, the loss of practice by the current generation is shown. In conclusion, the process of retribution to the Pachamama reveals that these practices are a custom, a deep Andean belief and that this rite has a fundamental symbolic meaning, since by practicing said retribution they come to have a reciprocal relationship between human beings and nature.

Journey of Faith:

2025-12-03T12:34:10-03:00

This article presents an anthropological study of the pilgrimage to the Lord of Qoyllur Rit'i, an annual event that constitutes a significant manifestation of Andean religiosity, where the journey begins in Juliaca, where pilgrims gather to begin their journey to the sanctuary located in the snow-capped mountains of Sinakara, near the snowy Ausangate. The purpose of this research is to explore and understand in depth the multiple dimensions of the pilgrimage to the Lord of Qoyllur Rit'i is to document and analyze religious practices, the syncretism of beliefs, the motivations of the pilgrims. A qualitative methodology, participant observation and interviews are used. The results reveal syncretic rituals that combine Catholic and Andean beliefs, with motivations of deep faith and reaffirmation of cultural identity, the pilgrimage strengthens social cohesion, preserves ancestral traditions and connects pilgrims with sacred nature. This practice consolidates the community, promoting solidarity, mutual support and a shared spirituality, vital for the Andean identity. I conclude that the study reveals a religious syncretism between Catholic and Andean beliefs, deep motivations of faith, the pilgrimage reinforces cultural identity, preserves ancestral traditions and spiritually connects the participants with nature, it is vital for spirituality and solidarity in the communities contemporary Andean.

EXPRESSION OF SOCIOCULTURAL PROCESSES IN THE LIVESTOCK FAIR IN ACORA – 2023

2025-12-03T12:34:10-03:00

The livestock fair in the town of Acora in the region of Puno, is a contemporary manifestation of great cultural and symbolic richness. The fair brings together Aymara shepherds and traders where today it maintains its character of commercial exchange, which is an important expression of Aymara culture and tradition, where ancient traditions and economic exchange around livestock converge. Every Saturday through the years this activity of great importance in the Altiplano area, being livestock and agriculture, has been carried out. The objectives of this research are; Describe the main sociocultural expressions of the cattle fair in Acora, and make known the importance of its commercialization of the cattle fair. For this, the qualitative methodology, ethnographic design, participant observation and interviews will be used. The results will be approached in two stages; first, to evidence the importance of a distinctive sociocultural expression of the cattle fair. second, to highlight the commercialization processes by analyzing the dynamics of livestock commercial exchange. In conclusion, this livestock festival constitutes an invaluable sample of the survival and continuity of the livestock tradition as a way of life, as the reaffirmation of ethnic identity, where the commercial exchange evidences the persistence of forms of economy, communication and social organization, linked to this pastoral activity, practices and expressions that are still alive in the memory and actions of the Aymara people.

Ancient Hilawi to the city of Ilave, roots and development until the 21st century

2025-12-03T12:34:10-03:00

Understanding the origin of a city is essential to know the roots of its identity, traditions and history. This article analyzes how urban progress, from ancient Hilawi to the current city of Ilave, has significantly influenced the identity of the Aymara nation. Its general objective is to understand the factors that intervened in its historical evolution. An ethnographic approach was used focused on the experiences and customs of their respective population, applying documentary analysis techniques through the review of primary sources, interviews with key residents and direct observation of the local context, it is revealed that Ilave has evolved over time , with records that address both its etymology and its demographic development, it is highlighted that the name "Ilave" could derive from Aymara terms such as Jilahui ("place where it grows") or Jila jawira ("major river"). Likewise, important changes were identified in its organization and social structure. On the other hand, it is documented that Ilave has been inhabited for thousands of years and the importance of the construction of key monuments is highlighted, such as the Ilave bridge in 1901, a symbol of urban adaptation and testimony of its rich cultural history. The study seeks to delve into the historical, political and social roots of the ancient Hilawi, highlighting its influence on the sense of belonging and identity of the current Ilave communities.

Organización en el derecho de uso ancestral de los totorales en la comunidad de Yanico, Paucarcolla

2025-12-03T12:34:10-03:00

This work focuses on the system and organization in the ancestral use of totora reeds by the Peasant Community of Yanico, located in the Paucarcolla District, Puno Region, in the year 2023. TotoraleGs have been a vital source of natural resources in the life of this community. The primary objective is to analyze and explain how the community has organized itself to sustainably manage the natural resources derived from totora reeds, emphasizing their significance in the subsistence economy of the farmers. Through a qualitative methodological approach that includes interviews, observations, and document analysis, this study seeks to comprehensively understand the relationship between the community and the totora reeds. The results underscore the importance of collective management and adaptation in the context of ecosystem preservation and the ancestral use of totora reeds rooted in the traditional culture of the community. Recommendations are proposed to strengthen the sustainable management of totora reeds, preserving their significance from both an ecological and cultural perspective. Ultimately, this study contributes to the understanding of the interaction between local communities and natural resources, offering valuable insights for environmental management and cultural preservation in similar contexts.

BELIEFS AND TRADITIONS ON THE KHAPIA HILL OF THE PROVINCE OF YUNGUYO – 2023

2025-12-03T12:34:11-03:00

El presente artículo aborda las profundas creencias y arraigadas tradiciones presentes en la comunidad de Yunguyo, con un enfoque particular en la devoción hacia el Cerro Khapia. Según los residentes locales, este prominente cerro ha otorgado bendiciones a las tierras circundantes a lo largo de generaciones, ya que los ríos que fluyen desde sus alturas han conferido fertilidad a la región. Este estudio tiene como objetivo detallar y comprender las creencias arraigadas en la población, así como valorar la valentía demostrada durante tiempos críticos, especialmente en el contexto de la industria minera. La comunidad ha respondido a las amenazas a la fertilidad de la tierra con prácticas rituales y religiosas, como misas, ofrendas y sacrificios, destinadas a asegurar el flujo constante del agua y prevenir la sequía. La metodología adoptada para este estudio es eminentemente etnográfica y cualitativa, con entrevistas exhaustivas a los miembros de la comunidad y una inmersión profunda en las prácticas religiosas y tradicionales. Los resultados revelan la importancia de estas creencias en la preservación de la calidad del suelo y la prosperidad agrícola, especialmente en contextos de crisis, como los enfrentamientos con la industria minera. La conexión entre la valentía comunitaria y la ejecución de prácticas destinadas a mantener el equilibrio ecológico se destaca como un aspecto distintivo de la relación entre la comunidad y su entorno. En conclusión, las creencias arraigadas en el Cerro Khapia y las prácticas asociadas tienen como objetivo principal garantizar el bienestar agrícola y prevenir la escasez de agua, subrayando la estrecha relación entre la cultura local y el medio ambiente. Este estudio contribuye a la comprensión de la interconexión entre la fe, la resistencia comunitaria y la sostenibilidad ambiental en el contexto específico de Yunguyo.